Kunta Kinte and Gustavus Vassa 2

The essential topic of black people history is the continuous fight to defeat the barrier of race, and the actuality of unequal cultural identity between black and white people. â€Å"This racial bifurcation has created parallel realities or racial universes, in which blacks and whites may interact closely with one another, but perceive social reality in dramatically different ways† (Gordon 2003). Blacks still suffer from discrimination trying to overcome all the difficulties and forget about their terrible past – slavery. However the past can’t die and there are historical masterpieces that remind people about their past experience. Literature is the main sources of them. On the example of the life of two slaves the given paper will prove that the life of   every slave was very much alike, almost the same, because of the lack of any opportunity for slaves to make their life outstanding The life of Kinta Kunte Alex Haley is the author of the novel  «Roots: The Saga of an American Family » Kinta Kunte is the main character of this novel. The movie â€Å"Roots† was created based on the book. This work is considered to be a faction that is a combination of both historical data and creative writing. Some plot is taken from a writing called â€Å"The African† written by Harold Courlander. The main character of  «Roots: The Saga of an American Family »,   Kunta was caught and taken as a slave to Annapolis, Maryland. Soon plantation holder from Spotsylvania County bought him (Gordon 2003). In Maryland a monument to Kunta Kinte was created. It is one of a small number of memorials in the whole world to have the name of a really existed African slave. There are some other monuments like the monument of Zumbi from Palmares Quilombo (a Negro and the leader of revolution) and the monument of Bussa. The memorial of Kunta Kinte represents Alex Haley, manuscript on his knee, narrating his family's history to three kids. In a disreputable event, the Kunta Kinte statue was stolen in a very short period after its putting in place in 1981. It was not found and was restores within several months. But the new one was also stolen. A monument of Alex Haley telling the story to the kids is in its place (Gordon 2003). The author started his narration with Kunte's birth. The main character of the novel was born in the rural community called Juffure in The Gambia in 1750. Kunte was the first of four children of the fighter Oumaru and his wife Binta. As his father was a soldier Kunte's was brought up in very strict conditions and became a good warrior (Gordon 2003). In 1767, when the young fighter went to the wood to create a drum, he was caught by a group of people. Kunte woke up and realized that he became a captive of the white people. Haley shows how they disgrace the young soldier. Kunte and other captives are taken on a steamer for a terrifying three month trip to the United State. (Williams 2001) There were 140 captives of the board of the ship, but only 98 remained alive after the trip. Kunte was among them. When they came to Maryland the young black soldier was sold to a white man who gave him a new name â€Å"Toby† to his shock. For the rest of his life Kunte was dreaming of freedom and making attempts to run away. Once he was caught and the part of his foot was taken out. He married slave women Bell Waller and had a kid by name Kizzy. Unhappily, Kizzy was sold to another plantation. Years later Kizzy got to know that her father died, she came to his grave, crossed the name â€Å"Toby† and wrote her father’s real name Kinta Kunte. (Williams 2001) The rest of the story is about the life of Kizzy and Alex Haley telling about their distress, losses and final victory in America. The life of Gustavus Vassa The character of Kinta Kunte is symbolic; his story tells us the story of many slaves that is usually the same and not interesting and distinguished. The life of the given character is very much alike the life of Olaudah Equiano known as Gustavus Vassa. (Williams 2001) According to his own narration, Olaudah Equiano was born in â€Å"Essaka† not far from the River Niger. His father was a respected man in the village. People in the village were plain, had quiet and happy life. When he was very young he was caught exactly like Kinta Kunte and sold to slavery. He never saw white people before. Equiano had many brothers and a sister, a large happy family. Her sister was caught together with him. Equiano was re-sold several times: he was not demanded because of small height. At last he was taken to Virginia, where he was bought by a man who decided to call his Gustavus Vassa. (Williams 2001) In contrast to Kinta Kunte who has only one nickname â€Å"Toby† Equiano was presented with new names by his owners many times. Notwithstanding that, this time a black man rejected the new one and courageously informed his new possessor that he wanted to be called Jacob. Pascal punished the salve and left him in shackles until he agrees to take the name he thought out for him. Equiano wrote that he had to except the new name at last in order to be freed. The cause of the somewhat strange selection of name for a slave is mysterious. (Williams 2001) In his autobiographical work, Equiano describes the unacceptable treatment of slaves who worked in houses of their owners in Virginia. They went through a number of abnormal types of punishment and traditions like the application of so-called â€Å"iron muzzles† around the mouth of the slave make him quiet which prevented him from normal sleeping and eating. The story expresses the fear and shock Equiano went through in his new surroundings thinking that the eyes on wall were tracing him and a clock could tell his master everything about the mistakes he made in his work.   (Williams 2001) Conclusion The conclusion can be made that the lives of two slaves are very much alike. Both of them were born in small villages, than stolen. That explains their great desire to become free: they were not born slaves, so it was extremely unacceptable for them to appear in such conditions. Both of them lost their real names, suffer almost the same punishments. It is useless to look for the differences comparing the life of two slaves. The age of slavery ended but it has its own consequences. Race as a communal construction makes up its own internal logic and social expressions of pain, irritation, and disaffection within different societies. (Reid-Pharr 1999) Sources Gordon, Dexter B. Black Identity:   Rhetoric, Ideology, and Nineteenth-Century Black Nationalism. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 2003. Reid-Pharr, Robert. Conjugal Union: The Body, the House, and the Black American. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. Williams, Vernon J. â€Å"Racial Essentialism: A Case of Historical Continuity and Discontinuity in the Social Sciences.† The Western Journal of Black Studies 25.4 (2001): 202.   

Literary Criticism- Brave New World by Aldous Huxley Essay

A Utopia is a world that is completely controlled by the government. The government controls every aspect of life in a utopia, and therefore everyone is always happy. In the novel â€Å"Brave New World† by Aldous Huxley the setting is a utopia. In this world people are constantly happy, babies are cloned, and, ‘everyone belongs to everyone else.’ The criticism which I chose was written by Margaret Cheney Dawson, on February 7th, 1932. The argument that Margaret makes is that Brave New World is a, â€Å"lugubrious and heavy-handed piece of propaganda.† The critic is saying that through the book Brave New World, Aldous Huxley is promoting, and trying to sell a utopian government. I agree with this statement because throughout the book there are examples that prove that Aldous Huxley thinks that a utopian world is a good idea, also through his writing Huxley is implying that a utopian world is the only way humanity can survive. The most obvious way that Huxley promotes a utopia in his novel, is through the words of a character. When the Savage, John, is talking to the World Controller, Mustapha Mond about the â€Å"brave new world† which they live in Mond says, â€Å"They like it.It’s light, it’s childishly simple. No strain on the mindor the muscles. Seven and a half hours of mild unexhaust-ing labor, and then the soma ration and games andunrestricted copulation and the feelies. What more can  they ask for?† (Huxley 204). I think that the words of this statement by Mond is a very big statement because Huxley is coming out and flatly saying that there is not one bad  thing about a utopian world. He says that it satisfies everyone’s needs, and that no one is ever unhappy because they do not have a reason to be unhappy. I also think that Huxley is trying to make the statement even stronger because the character who said it, Mustapha Mond, is the most important person in the utopian world. He is a ruler with much knowledge. The other proof that this book is propaganda is isolationism, not fitting in, and not being the same as everyone else. These are some of the problems that we experience and struggle with in our lives. Huxley sees this and tries to sell us the idea of a utopian world by showing that sameness is good, and difference is not good. In the book two characters feel isolated, and different then the rest, Bernard Marx, and John the Savage. Bernard’s isolationism is shown when Bernard does not experience â€Å"the coming† and the solidarity service while everyone else does. â€Å"He was miserably isolated now as he had been when the service began- more isolated by reason of his unreplenished emptiness, his dead satiety. Separate and unatoned, while the others were being fused into the Greater Being.† (Huxley 76-77). Through this I believe that Huxley is saying that being different, and feeling different is not a good thing. Although this is a very strong message that Huxley conveys, there is one that is much stronger. John’s struggles are much greater because he is much different from the rest of society. At the end of the novel john commits suicide by hanging himself, â€Å"Slowly, very slowly, like two unhurried compass needles, the feet turned towards the right; north, north-east, east, south-east, south, south-south-west, then paused, and after a few seconds, turned as unhurriedly back towards the left. South-south-west, south, south-east, east†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Huxley 237). This quote is explaining how john is hanging, after he committed suicide. This form of propaganda is very strong because the reader starts to contemplate whether diversity and difference in the world really is such a good thing. Through these two quotes Huxley is also trying to prove to us that sameness is good because everyone is happy, this is why this book is propaganda. I do agree with the critics argument that Brave New World is a heavy handed piece of propaganda because we see examples throughout the book that Aldous Huxley thinks that a utopian government is the ideal way of living. Also  Huxley implies that sameness is desired rather then being unique and different. I think that Margaret Cheney Dawson hits the jackpot with her thesis which states that Brave New world is a heavy handed piece of propaganda. I totally agree with her, and through the examples my beliefs were only reinforced.

A Review of Teamwork an Episode in Allegiance, an American Drama Series

A Review of Teamwork an Episode in Allegiance, an American Drama Series Reading Television: Allegiance Consumers are indulged by media through watching television based on themes that capture their attention. Recently, I watched an episode Teamwork from the TV show Allegiance on NBC. Allegiance is about Alex O’ Conner, who is a young man that does not know that his family are Russian spies. He works for the CIA as an analyst, which results in conflict of interests. His parents work for a spy organization, who wants the files, which can potentially destroy American core values. Alex is working with the CIA to foil Rezident’s plans in obtaining the files. In the episode Teamwork, Alex confronts his parents by accusing them that they are Russian spies. Throughout this whole episode, there are stereotypical examples that portray how media views men, women, people of color, and American nationalism. This episode portrays Russian stereotypes of women, men, politics and economy. Allegiance highlights prejudices, through representation based on character behavior in different scenarios. The music, shots, and characters represents the theme of allegiance and nationalism. The scene opens with Alex demanding to know the truth from his parents about Mikeal, because his files are a threat. Alex asked accusatory questions about Mikeal and his files. As a result, Katya becomes hysterical, and throws Alex off, by confessing that she had an affair, which was just another lie. This scene, portrayed the stereotype that Russian women are gold diggers, because they only want to live comfortably and be dependent on a male figure. When Katya mentioned she attended, border school in America, it also brought up a political notion of Russia sending children to America for better opportunities. During this whole scene, the music was quick, light and dramatic. This represented Alex’s mood on how he felt when Katya constantly disappeared when he was a child. Alex represents the American ideals which are justice and liberty, however Katya and Mark represent the Russian socialist mentality. There are many instances when we watch a series when we do not know the true reason why the director choose to shoot a scene a certain way. In this master shot, Alex is shown being angry. There are more superimposed shots when information is revealed about his mother’s disappearances. The argument gets more heated, there are close ups of Alex, Katya and Mark. The camera stays focused on Katya’s reaction from her affair confessions. When Alex’s youngest sister Sarah, walks into the kitchen, she is ignorant about the situation. Sarah symbolizes the innocence in not knowing that her family are spies. Natalie, is Alex’s older sister whose boyfriend is a Russian spy, who works for the enemy in NYC. Natalie plays a vital role by bugging Alex’s cellphone and computer as a way to collect information from the CIA. The scene opens with Natalie and Viktor in bed, being woken up by a phone call from Rezident. Viktor is told that Alex is threatening his parents if they do not tell him the truth. There is parallel editing between the scenes when Alex confronts his parents, to Natalie and Viktor rushing into traffic, and there is a zoom in shot of Roman (main boss of Rezident), giving the order to assassinate the family to emphasize the point that he is in charge. After Viktor and Natalie stop the assault, there is a POV shot of Alex leaving the apartment in shock. The music was heavy, during the montage shoots and parallel editing emphasized. This shows how close Alex learned the truth, until his mother lied to him again. When the scene closes, everyone is safe but appalled with Katya’s romantic affair confession. The scene jump cuts, to Moscow a year before Operation: Black Dagger was put into play. The scene shows a conference that include white, European men who are wearing either professional suits or military uniforms. The audience is portrayed into knowing that these men have decision making power. This represents the Russian society, as sexist towards women because they are behind in providing them equality. The entire scene shows a man speaking to a large group about weakness in American economy. They are questioning United States power, because their only punishment is sanctions. Since American global influence is decreasing, Moscow feels they are at an advantage. However, one of the military officers disagrees with Black Dagger and calls it madness. But the speaker counters that remark with â€Å"Madness is American sanctions, madness is the last of Soviet sovereignty†. This scene represents politics by explaining the importance of those missing files. The missing files contain a plan that could potentially destroy American core values. This episode presents different beliefs and loyalties that result in conflict of interests. Nationalism influences decision making in different characters. In this series, women are used as pawns to satisfy a male’s needs. One of the many stereotypes portrayed about women in the workplace is a scene with Sam and Michelle played by Kenneth Choi and Floriana Lima. Sam questions Michelle’s place in the workplace to what she replies â€Å"Oh Sam, you have such a constrained view of me.† This shows that that even though she is a successful Hispanic women working in a male-dominated field of law enforcement, her supervisor will never see her as equal. Also, when Michelle is told to get a search warrant from the New York Attorney General’s office, Sam tells Alex to accompany her. Sam believes she will not get the warrant on her own. This represents what women face today in the workplace. There is a scene with Natalie and Viktor; that portrays Natalie through a stereotype that women in a relationship needs a man’s approval to feel complete and happy. This is a stereotypical image that presents women as being insecure about themselves. A women’s opinion is also disregarded because they are viewed as inferior. Katya’s advice got completely brushed off by Mark, who choose to go his way to the Brooklyn Navy Yard. When Katya had a gun in her hands, Mark looked at her in fear. This shows that he felt uncomfortable with a women who had power. The Allegiance characters embody certain traits that are correct in some cases. Alex O’Conner, the main protagonist represents being a hero, he is a smart CIA analyst with a promising future. His supervisor Sam, is trying to groom him for a better position but, also feels threatened by his talent. Special Agent Brock is the overseer of the organization, and does not like his authority questioned. Roman also does not like his authority to be questioned. They all feel that when they are questioned, they would be viewed as less than a man. For example, Roman needed to regain his control by killing Viktor’s friend, as a way to show dominance. Mark plays the husband role, so his decisions cannot be questioned by either Katya or Natalie. A scene that shows this power struggle is when Mark confronts Katya about the affair. When Katya says that she had to make a decision for the family, Mark puts her in an inferior that she is not one to make them. This show is great in cont ext, however when it comes to stereotypes Allegiance is a show to see. Allegiance exhibits an interesting storyline that shows the intertwining between politics and family matters. However, the characters role in the show present stereotypes that can put people in a box. This show unintentionally creates views to have a limited mindset of the real world.

Art analyze Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Art analyze - Essay Example According to Perkins (2008) art is an independent tool of communication that is not bound to time. The message in art is also not limited to language or geographical surrounding. The message in art is global and tackles issues regarding humanity in various ways. In artistic work can be used to communicate multiple messages concurrently with different meanings. This is what makes art unique and different. This course has given me a deeper insight on how to visually interpret art and skills necessary to interpret an artistic work. I have been able to understand that every work of art has more details than what we see at a first glance. With keen observation and background understanding of the artist and interpretation of different styles of art, one can get limitless information and details about an art. During the course, Bosch Hieronymus’ painting known as "Hell" was disturbing at first glance. But after an analytical and keen observation of the painting, I started realizing different concepts, ideas and symbols within the painting. There was so much in play within the painting and by visually analyzing it, the painting communicated so much especially concerning hell and punishment after death. In the painting, I was able to capture different kinds of torture humans are taken through by demons. Through the painting, I was able to get a visual perspective of how hell and the concept of eternal torture looks like. According to Rembert (2012) Bosch used his work to connect different worlds by creating visual curiosity and uncommon presentations to capture peoples attention. In general, I have now developed a keen attention to what I see around to such a way that I try to get more meaning than what everyone else is seeing. My perspective on visual communication has been enhanced to more of an analysis wherever I see anything. This does not only apply to art but

Literature is an exercise in trying to understand the human condition Essay

Literature is an exercise in trying to understand the human condition - Essay Example It is hoped that an analysis of the two novels through the feminist lens would lead to a better understanding of broader humanity. It is not an exaggeration to say that Salman Rushdie revolutionized the art of fiction with his breakthrough work Midnight’s Children. As the role and viability of literature as a medium of education and entertainment came to be questioned during the 1980s, Midnight’s Children sprung like a fountain of elixir and brought freshness and vitality to English Literature. Hence Rushdie could rightly be regarded as an eminent postmodern and postcolonial master of words. This essay will be dealing with two of his lesser acclaimed works – The Enchantress of Florence and The Ground Beneath Her Feet – and make observations on the treatment of gender. The two books are particularly suitable to gender study for they feature strong, bold, ebullient and beautiful female characters. The very title The Ground Beneath Her Feet stands in tribute to the woman being loved. The phrase represents the feelings of adoration and sanctity that the narrator feels toward the woman he loves. In this case, Vina Apsara is the object of love and Umeed ‘Rai’ Merchant is the narrator, although the latter’s love would prove futile in the face of Ormus Cama’s (the protagonist) charm and talent. Only a writer who’s in love with the character could take it to great heights of self-expression. This is amply evident in the elaborate manner in which Rushdie sketches Vina’s character through the course of the novel. Not only is she musically gifted, she has traversed several continents and overcome arduous circumstances on the way to super stardom. During her formative years, her journeys between America, India and Europe were full of threats and disasters. Yet, through some hidden mechanism of nature and unaccounted fortitude she marches on in life to fulfill her artistic destiny. The strength in Vina†™s womanhood is borne by the manner in which she withstood the series of misfortunes visiting her life. When she was a child, Vina only nearly escaped abandonment by her biological father. Though she was fortunate to evade the maddening murder spree of her mother, the loss of her siblings is a real tragedy. Although an element of divine plan is implicit in such a life course, the derivation of strength from inner resources is also present. (Mishra, 1999, p.42) To understand the feminism of Vina Apsara, one has to look at the traits of her eventual replacement, Mira. This younger, steadier avatar of Vina proves to be quite the opposite of her predecessor. In Vina’s case, the chief antagonist is herself, as her tendency to blow up all of a sudden has led to many troubles. The iconic Vina is someone who collapsed under her own weight – further burdened by â€Å"her own unattainable, constantly transforming image†. In contrast, we have Mira, who represents an â₠¬Å"â€Å"ordinary human love beneath one's feet† (575), that is, the kind of stability and wherewithal that can ensure longevity without the sensationalist, self-destructive trappings of Vina Apsara's radicalism†. (Pirbhai, 2001, p.54) In this regard, Mira’s feminism is not in any way deficient than that of Vina’s, only more powerful. The word Mira could be construed as a pun on â€Å"

Interactive Planning and Occupational Safety Research Paper

Interactive Planning and Occupational Safety - Research Paper Example Such can be said on COPPST Circuitry. It is a global organization with site-level units in ten US states, a site in Canada, another in Nigeria, and several in Europe and Asia. The most recent emergency that occurred at one of the US sites of COPS Circuitry should be considered as a learning opportunity, as well as a time to propose an interactive planned improvement to encompass mandated safety standards in the site. In planning for safety, Leeman (14) described four parts of this phase in the planning process the systems analysis, obstruction analysis, reference projections, and reference scenarios. The Occupational Health and Safety Hazard Administration (OSHA) provides an extensive standard and guideline for employers and managers that address the four said parts of the planning process. ... Â  mission (EOCC), Federal Communications Commission (FCC), Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), Department of Transportation (DOT), and Department of Homeland Security (DHS). At the state level are Department of Environmental Protection (Air, Water, Soil, Waste, Facility Response Plans, and Emergency Notification), Department of Health and Human Services (Radiation Control Program), State Office of the Fire Marshall (Occupancy and Life Safety Codes), Department of Economic and Community Development, Department of Labor (Workers Comp, Disability, etc.), Department of Public Safety, and the Department of Transportation. And at the local level are Code Compliance Division, Planning and Development Department, and the Water Resource Protection Department. Together with the employers, they play a crucial role in the provision of safety in the workplace. Interactive Planning These various levels and agencies of the government all contribute to the mass knowledge and information in t he formulation of interactive planning for the organizational operations. Various standards are required by these agencies to be met, with the continuing and safe operations of businesses as end-goal. These include safety of workers at the workplace and structural standards and procedures that ensure safety and environmental requirement compliance are met. However, additional considerations include the welfare and goals of the various stakeholders of COPS Circuitry. They are the employees, customers, suppliers, distributors, other local businesses, the local community, corporate OHS, other business units, and the overall corporation.

Did Rousseau correctly argue that previous philosophers had not gone Essay

Did Rousseau correctly argue that previous philosophers had not gone back far enough in search of the state of nature - Essay Example Thus, although the term ‘State of Nature’ refers to a logical construction, it does not necessarily refer to a historical period, although in the early period of human existence when organised societies with laws did not exist, individuals were free to do what they wanted based on their natural desires, psychological makeup, interests and situations, etc. It is possible to argue that humans living in isolation, far removed from the present-day civilisation without any contact with organised societies will illustrate human behaviour in a state of nature without any fabricated laws to impinge on their behaviour. In a state of nature, there were no kings and no government to impose their will on humans. The State of Nature in Rousseau’s Philosophy Rousseau employs the device of state of nature to depict the conditions under which man existed in natural conditions to argue that in the pure state of nature man’s existence would be peaceful and contented. ... Thus, Rousseau presents a belief in the natural goodness of man who had abhorrence for giving consent to others to govern, or for entering society. Rousseau places an emphasis on historical context when thinking about the state of nature rather than considering this notion in terms of a hypothetical context. For Rousseau, the state of nature is a pre-political condition that existed prior to man acceded to the social contract to lose his natural freedom while gaining civil freedom, property and the relative protection of the group. 6 Rousseau suggests that in the state of nature, people did not know each other enough to interfere with each other, but they did present normal moral values, which the social contract for living in a society tarnishes. However, because Rousseau takes a historical rather than a hypothetical view of the state of nature concept, it makes sense to ask whether at any time in history, man has been able to demonstrate the capacity for not succumbing to immoral b ehaviour in relation to others. Certainly, religious doctrine contained in the old testament of the Bible does not support the views presented by Rousseau about man in the state of nature because ever since the time of Genesis, man has demonstrated moral flaws even in dealings within the same family. Thus, it will appear that Rousseau’s arguments concerning the state of nature present flaws, and it makes sense to examine his views in comparison to other noted political theory philosophers, especially those that lived before him. Rousseau’s concept of an early state of nature presents men and women as solitary animals that come together only to reproduce. 7 8 Although, a mother in the

Consumer law coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Consumer law coursework - Essay Example e time and make claims under the Sale of Goods Act based on various possible ways to resolve the issues based on the circumstances and on what they want to be done as provided for in the implied terms section 12 of Sales of Goods Act. According to the case, Bowes v Richardson & Son Ltd, the buyer was held by the Courts entitled to reject a new car seven months after delivery based on various car problems some occurring immediately after delivery and others months later. The Court held that the buyer had never had the opportunity to fully assess the repairs made on the car as so could never be held to have accepted the goods. Such case law authority is a precedent for Peter’s iTablet and Patrick’s TV cases. They both have their rights against the retailer and not the manufacturer and hence a claim is valid to make against Trusted Electricals and Aptab R Us. On the hand, Peter can make a claim on goods sold on hire purchase not through Sales of Goods Act but via the Suppl y of Goods Implied Terms Act 1973 that makes the Hire Purchase Company responsible for the quality of the goods supplied and offers him slightly different rights. Patrick is also protected under the Consumer Credit Act 1974 to decide on the best way possible to end his agreement in his cases against Barcpeds. On the first occasion, Patrick purchased a 42 inch television for his living room from Trusted Electricals. The Television was defective and also had a consequential loss as it overheated and damaged his expensive wallpaper. In order to advice Patrick, there is a need to investigate whether the sign his attention was drawn to was available at the point of purchase and that he was told about it before the acquisition. The researcher believes that Patrick was never told of this sign at the point of purchase and thus his demands are valid as required by section 13 subsection one (sale by description) where there is an implied term that the good correspond to the description. Patrick should be

Value and Meaning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Value and Meaning - Essay Example Nozick also states that as human beings, we are always looking for a way to find unity and value and to make ourselves and our lives valuable. He says that we also want our lives and ourselves to have this organic unity (165). He says that the diversity comes to us from us wanting to do a myriad of things with our lives and to take in many different ideas and activities. This means that some of us will have meaning from things that are intrinsic to our selves (e.g. deep meaning within us) while others will see value and meaning in those things that are outside ourselves. Value can have many meanings. Nozick suggests that value is something intrinsic in an individual or in a thing. Value is within someones own boundaries while meaning is something that is connected beyond the specific boundaries that people have within their lives (166). He suggests that meaning is limited by the way that people think of it. People are concerned that meaning has limits and therefore it does. This translates to people thinking that their lives are limited. In order to actually find true meaning for someones life they must understand that there are no limits and that they can do whatever they want in order for their life to have the meaning that they seek (166). However, meaning can also be integrated into value if we connect with things that we also feel are important to us. He says that we also see limitations because we know that we will ultimately die and this will be the ending of us. Even the universe will eventually change its form by dying in some sort of massi ve heat, which ultimately brings its destruction. In my opinion, it is difficult to get past the limitations that we set in our lives because of this believe that things must be limited. A lot of self-help books and other materials state that we are not limited and we have only to understand this so that we can live a life of abundance and prosperity; the challenge is that most people do not believe

Ethnic conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethnic conflict - Essay Example Fractionalization and polarization are two specific channels of ethnic division that jointly influence social conflict. Polarization influences social conflict more when winners attain a public prize, for example, political power. On the other hand, when prizes are of a private nature, for example infrastructure, government subsidies, or looted resources, ethnic fractionalization is more influential to social conflict (Ganguly 13). The research paper will seek to use recent theoretical research to provide evidence that social conflict is influenced by pre-existing ethnic tension and differences. Ethnicity, by itself, does not cause violent social conflict with most ethnic groups pursuing similar interests peaceful most of the time, despite inter-ethnic differences. The main causes of ethnic conflict, Ganguly (43) portends, are based on the domestic and systemic level of analysis. The systemic approach contends that ethnic conflict is dependent on the nature of security systems that the different ethnic sides operate, as well as their concerns about their security. The first systemic prerequisite is that more than one group lives live in close proximity. The second one is that international, regional, and national authorities are unable to prevent fighting among the different ethnic groups, as well as assure individual ethnic groups of their security. If anarchy prevails in a specific system, it becomes essential for the groups to defend themselves, especially if none of them can absorb the other culturally, economically, or politically (Ganguly 44). Security concerns become a paramount distress when collective fears about the capability of the state to arbitrate between different ethnic groups. In this case, some of the involved groups mobilize and deploy military resources, as the other group seeks to diminish the first group’s security, with most groups unaware of their actions’ impact on

Local and National Provision of Hurling Essay Example for Free

Local and National Provision of Hurling Essay In this essay I will look at how Hurling is provided for in Belfast at grassroots level to representative level. I will also examine if there is any provision for those with disabilities to play Hurling and I will examine if there is any provision for different gender groups. I will then see what provision is available to play Hurling at national level and see how excellence is developed. The national governing body of hurling is the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA). The National Organisation (G.A.A.) is run by Central Council (à rd Comhairle), with the Management Committee (Coiste Bainistà ­) controlling day-to-day affairs. They run the All-Ireland series of the club and county championships, and look after the Railway Cup competition. The Provincial Councils are the organisations responsible for the arrangement of G.A.A. matters within their Province. They organise the Provincial Championships for clubs and counties in both hurling and football, and look after organisational and disciplinary matters in their jurisdiction. Each of the thirty-two counties in Ireland organises its own GAA affairs through a County Board. Counties have a number of Divisional or Juvenile Boards to organise competitions at district and youth levels. The County Board (and / or subsidiary boards) will organise competitions for the clubs within its jurisdiction. They are also responsible for the organisation of teams to play at inter-county level, at all age groups from Under-10 to Senior. The G.A.A. has over 2,500 clubs in Ireland alone. The playing of Gaelic Games is based on the G.A.A/ Club, and each of the 32 Counties in Ireland have their own Club competitions, culminating in County Winners in championship and league. GAA Central Council (à rd Comhairle) Provincial Councils County Board Divisional or Juvenile Boards Clubs Young people in Belfast are catered to play hurling in a number of different ways. There are GAA clubs they can join which will take them from U8 right through to senior level, but there are also many competitions organised through schools and colleges. Clubs/County Schools U8/U10 Primary School Blitz tournament Inter School Competitions

Han China and Gupta India Essay Example for Free

Han China and Gupta India Essay Han China differed from Gupta India politically, developing a strong bureaucratic system while India allowed local rulers to stay in control, but the Guptas focused more on trade and made more intellectual achievements than China, especially in mathematics. They established empires that were successful, but also distinct in their own ways. Although these two civilizations were notably different politically, economically, and intellectually, both were successful in bringing prosperity to their empires. During the Han dynasty, China successfully improved its bureaucracy, but in India local rulers maintained regional control. India’s territory never grew to be as large as China’s, so different forms of government were needed for each civilization. Han China retained the centralized government formed by the Qin, and expanded the bureaucracy. The bureaucratic system suited China, because it was able to support the civilization as it expanded into a large empire. The emperor Wu Ti created civil service examinations for his bureaucrats, which could be taken by any male. Wu Ti also urged Confucianism in order to gain support, as it urged respect for the government. On the other hand, India lacked an extensive bureaucracy, and local rulers were allowed to keep control as long as they remained loyal to Gupta authority. Because of its separated regions, it was very difficult to politically unify India. Similar to China, the Gupta rulers turned to religion to strengthen support for the government. In contrast to China, they favored Hinduism because they claimed to be appointed by Hindu gods. Additionally, Hinduism encouraged the rigid caste system. The empires were also similar because political power was given to landowners. Although the Gupta period is considered the golden age of India, providing its greatest period of political stability, it never developed the solid bureaucracy that Han China did. Although trade is vital to any civilization’s success, India emphasized trade far more than China did. China’s economy focused on extensive internal trade, while India developed more maritime trade. Trade gradually became more important during the Han dynasty, focusing on luxury items for the upper class such as silks, leather, and jewelry. Internal trade was made easier by the standardization of currency and circulation of copper coins. Han rulers expanded the empire, which allowed trade with more places. Some merchants even took profitable trips to India. Even though they were important, trade and the merchant class did not become the focal points of Chinese economy. This was due to the emphasis on Confucianism, which frowned upon a life devoted to moneymaking. On the other hand, the Guptas established a strong economy. It was partly based on technological sophistication, new inventions, and production. For example, Indian artisans were the first to manufacture cotton cloth, calico, and cashmere. In these areas, India and China were rivaling, but the India’s economy became more vigorous. Merchant activity was greater in India than in China, with merchants at a relatively high caste status. They traveled by land, and also by sea, increasing maritime trade. Han China and Gupta India’s economies can be compared as firmly agricultural, both relying on a large peasant class, organized into cooperative close-knit villages. Han rulers regulated agricultural supplies by storing extra grain and rice in good times, preventing price increases when harvests were bad. The Gupta period in India was known for its wealth, which was due to extensive trading both internally and by sea, as opposed to Han China’s economy, which relied more on technological innovations. The Hans and Guptas both made many important intellectual achievements, but there was more academic success in India, especially in mathematics. The Chinese studied astronomy, calculating the movement of planets, as well as observing sunspots. During the Han dynasty, scientists invented a seismograph to register earthquakes. In addition, they actively researched medicine, studying principles of hygiene that would support longer lives. Generally, the Chinese focused their studies on practical findings, such as discovering how things worked. They studied the mathematics of music that led to advances in acoustics. Like China, Indian scientists also progressed in astronomy and medicine. Many astronomical discoveries were made, such as the calculation of the solar year, the circumference and daily rotation of Earth, a theory of gravity, and the discovery of seven planets. In medicine, hospitals also stressed cleanliness, like China. India surpassed China in mathematical discoveries. Scholars created a numbering system and the concepts of zero and negative numbers. Mathematicians also calculated square roots and a more accurate value of pi. These advances in both civilizations were possible because of support from the government. In China, the government sponsored intellectual life, organizing research in astronomy. The Guptas had a vast university center in Nalanda featuring lecture halls, libraries, and an observatory. This supported the new discoveries that were being made. Both civilizations made important intellectual achievements that were advanced by world standards, but Gupta India especially excelled in mathematics. The Han and Gupta dynasties were both successful periods in China and India. Their success was due to different causes, because their societies were very unlike each other. China’s government centered on its strong bureaucracy developed during the Han dynasty, while India never advanced a decent bureaucratic system. Both civilizations had strong economies, but India focused more on over-sea trade than China did. Also, Gupta India made more intellectual achievements particularly in science and mathematics. The Han and Gupta periods were similar in some ways, but their civilizations showed distinct differences politically, economically, and intellectually.

The Movie Catch Me If You Can Film Studies Essay

The Movie Catch Me If You Can Film Studies Essay A confidence artist is somebody who exploits a person in order to obtain something of value for free or next to nothing. The first known con man was in England in 1849 when an American would ask strangers if they had the confidence to give him their watches, he would then run away with the object. Con artists usually have clever schemes, and have devised scams to rob victims as quickly and easily as possible. A very important factor for the artist is to gain the confidence of the victim, which was something Frank Abagnale did very well. By wearing the pilots uniform he received respect and admiration from those around him, after all, why would a pilot be scamming? Slide 2 Book Quote A Quote from the Book: Frank W. Abagnale, alias Frank Williams, Robert Conrad, Frank Adams, and Robert Monjo, was one of the most daring con men, forgers, impostors, and escape artists in history. In his brief but notorious criminal career, Abagnale donned a pilots uniform and co-piloted a Pan Am jet, masqueraded as the supervising resident of a hospital, practiced law without a license, passed himself off as a college sociology professor, and cashed over $2.5 million in forged checks, all before he was twenty-one. Known by the police of twenty-six countries and all fifty states as The Skywayman, Abagnale lived a lavish life on the fly until the law caught up with him. Now recognized as the nations leading authority on financial foul play, Abagnale is a charming rogue whose hilarious, stranger-than-fiction international escapades and ingenious escapes including one from an airplane make Catch Me If You Can an irresistible tale of deceit. From the back cover of the book Catch Me If You Can The movie Catch Me If You Can is very loosely based on the novel. There are several differences which make the two works very unalike. The movie shuffles around the events of the novel and even adds some cons which Frank never performed, like posing as a French teacher. The film also puts more emphasis on the FBI who are chasing Frank while the novel portrays Frank as almost unstoppable until he is finally caught in France. Slide 3 Forgery Quotes The Real Story: Frank conned his way into getting a pilots uniform and forged a FAA document, and he was still only 17. He deadheaded all over America while illegally withdrawing money from hundreds of banks. Frank was using a fake name of Frank Williams, and after a bit, he decided to settle down, and bought a flat in Atlanta. There he met a doctor, and was temporarily hired as a pediatrician, still without completing high school. Frank stayed there for almost a year, before someone else came to claim the job. He then flew to the southern part of the U.S., and became an official lawyer, with a fake diploma from Harvard, and passed the bar exam on his third and final try. He left after 9 months and became a university professor specializing in sociology in Utah, where he taught summer classes. While posing as a professional, Frank never cashed a fake check. Franks criminal career was set into motion at the age of 16 when his parents divorced. While living with his successful father, he found out that his dad did a lot of drinking. This partly caused Abagnales decision to hang around the wrong kids, and one day he got in trouble for stealing a car. Frank Sr. bailed out his mischievous son, and when Frank turned 16, his father bought him a car. This car, an old Ford, led Frank to his ultimate downfall; his love for promiscuous women. Frank needed money because being with women was expensive, and by using a gas card he scammed his father of $3,400, which was valued at much more during the 1960s than it is today. After traveling the States for a little longer and storing conned cash in safe boxes, Frank went to Europe, and started paperhanging there as well. He came up with a fake airline crew, and toured for a summer, while exploiting banks. After bring caught Frank rotted in a French prison for 6 months before being transferred to a Swedish jail. Frank was eventually deported to the States, where he escaped, only to be caught months later. SLIDE 4 Movie Clip The Themes behind the Story: Broken Homes The most important theme in Catch Me If You Can is how a troubled childhood can drastically affect ones life. Franks parents divorced when he was 14 years old, leaving Frank to decide if he would like to live with either his mother or his father. He chose the latter because of two reasons, the first because he was more fond of his father, and the second because his other brothers had elected to live with his mom. Because of Franks broken family, he felt like he had to do something drastic to attract attention and draw his parents back together. Frank started hanging around with some loose-end kids from his neighborhood, and quickly became a juvenile delinquent by swiping candy and sneaking into movies. Little did he know he was on the fast track to become one of the most recognized con artists around the world. Identity As Frank struggles with coping with living alone while on the run from both his family and the police, he also struggles to find who he truly is. Posing as different professionals and using different names, Frank finds it difficult lying to those who are close to him and who he has built relationships with. Franks low point of struggling to find his identity was when he told Rosalie, the woman he was engaged to, that he was not actually an airplane pilot but a con artist. The next day when Frank went to visit his wife-to-be, a FBI car was in the driveway and Frank quickly had to take a flight across the country, never to see Rosalie again. Addiction While trying to find his own identity, Frank develops an addiction for charming beautiful women. Frank started conning money so he was able to take women out on dates and buy them nice gifts, and as he became more dependent on his addiction he brought his crime to the next level. Most of Franks success depended on his lady friends because he would spend nights at their houses will he was on the run, even years after he had last been in touch with him. Franks addiction pushed him further and further down the path of crime until there was no return, and even then is pushed him a step further making him the most wanted con artist in the world. The Realities of the Situation: This movie was set in the 1960s, when technology was still very basic. This allowed Frank to pass his fake checks much more easily, and allowing him more time to escape authorities. It also provided Frank with the ability to create fake diplomas and not be caught, since there were not any easily accessible computerized records of who had graduated from certain places. Also, he could create a fake passport, but now that is extremely difficult, especially after the increased security since the 9-11 attack. At this day in age, it would take much more than some glue-on numbers and a photocopier to create the documents necessary to perform Franks crimes. Slide 5 Story Pictures A Bit More on What Actually Happened: Frank Abagnale Junior was raised in Bronxville, New York by his family. When Frank ran away, he traveled all over the U.S.A. posing as a Pan Am. Pilot and passing bad checks. He visited cities such as Los Angeles, Boston, Denver, Chicago, Miami, and Washington, as well as many others, eventually becoming a wanted criminal in all 50 States. Frank became a doctor when he felt it unsafe to continue being a pilot, and moved to a resort, River Bend, in Atlanta, Georgia, where he resided for approximately a year. Once a replacement doctor was found, he relocated to the capital of a southern state, posing as a lawyer graduated from Harvard. When a real Harvard graduate started poking around into Franks Harvard experience, he fled and toured the western states before settling down in Ohio. Here, Abagnale became a sociology teacher at a University for a semester. When his teaching time was up, Frank flew to California, and he went back to his paperhanging tricks. Abagnale got caught up with a woman in San Fransisco, and was there for a while, until confessing who he was, and fleeing and touring the western states. He kept traveling America before going to Mexico, and obtaining a fake passport there, which allowed him to travel out of the country. Frank traveled over to Europe, and visited countries such as England, Italy and France. He was eventually caught in France, after settling down in Montpelier. He was thrown into a crammed, black, 4x4x4 cubicle for 6 months, before being transferred into a nicer Swedish prison for an additional 6 months. He was transferred back to the U.S.A. where he escaped from his plane, and managed to evade the FBI for multiple months, before being captured. Slide 6 The Real Frank The Real Frank Abagnale: Frank was born on April 27, 1948 in Bronxville, New York to Paulette and Frank Abagnale Senior. They divorced when Frank was 14, and Frank was the only child of 4 who was taken into custody by his father. Franks father used Frank to try to reunite their family, but after the hearing, Frank Jr. ran away, never to see his father again. Frank became a world class criminal, posing as a pilot, pediatrician, lawyer, and sociology teacher. He continued running from police, and kept cashing bad checks. Frank eventually became wanted in 26 different countries and all 50 States. He was eventually caught after years of running, and rotted in a French prison for 6 months. He was then transferred to a Swedish jail, and released to an American prison, where he spent another 4 years. He was released on patrol in Texas, and after several failed jobs (such as grocer and cook) due to background checks, he decided to try and help banks prevent crooks from paperhanging them. One year after becoming legitimate, Frank married a woman named Kelly, and they now have 3 sons, Scott, Chris, and Sean. Frank teaches at the FBI Academy, and owns Abagnale and Associates. He is a legitimate millionaire, and approximately 14,000 institutes currently use Franks fraud-prevention methods. Franks has written 3 other books in addition to Catch Me If You Can. He has appeared on numerous television shows, and as of spring, 2011, and he now has a musical about his life.

Internet Advertising Essay -- Computers Technology Media Essays

Internet Advertising The November cover story for Newsweek was entitled â€Å"e-life† and the issue was dedicated to the many ways that the Internet is changing our lives and work. While the changes have affected many industries and many jobs, one of the biggest changes in marketing and sales is the rapid and unpredictable growth of Internet-based sales and advertising. Currently, many users benefit from the use of â€Å"free† email sites and Web-search portals, all of which are funded by revenues from banner advertising. (Sadly for these advertisers, many are increasingly able to ignore this stimulus). All types of businesses now want to reach an audience that is more consistently â€Å"logged on† to the Internet. If the Internet is where the customers are to be found, then that is where advertisers must go. While many of us are acutely aware of this fact, few of us know enough about how to place ads, what types of ads are available, and how the industry is changing. This paper is dedicated to understanding this topic further. The Context: Who Is Spending On Ads and How Much? In 1997, businesses spent $600 million on Internet advertising, and Internet ad spending rose to $1 billion in 1998.[1] To put these numbers in context, it is useful to compare the growth in Web advertising to the growth in non-Web advertising[2]: Year Web Advertising Spending $ Non-Web Ad Spending $ 1997 600M 133 Trillion 1998 1B 155 Trillion Such a table indicates clearly that Internet ad spending doubled while non-Web spending grew by 17%, and these numbers give marketers some sense of the urgency and immediacy of the need to learn about Web-based advertising. Interestingly, marketers have caught on: studies show that total I... ...arketers in cyberspace are: consider what type of ads you want to place, consider carefully how you plan to measure success of your campaign- attempt to monitor mindshare as well as final sales. [1] www.computerworld.com, BancAmerica Corp., Robertson, Stephens & Co. Date posted: Feb. 23, 1998 [2] Ibid. Source: Veronis Suhler & Associates and BancAmerica Corp., Robertson, Stephens & Co. estimates (12/97) [3] Ibid. [4] Internet Advertising Bureau, December 29, 1997. [5] Internet.about.com/business/Internet/library/weekly/1999/aa061499.htm?iam=dp&rf=dp, Dateline: 06/14/99 [6] www.adres.Internet.com [7] www.blueplatypus.com, â€Å"interstitial ads† search. [8] Ibid. [9] Ibid. [10] Internet.about.com/business/Internet/library/weekly/1999/aa061499.htm?iam=dp&rf=dp Dateline: 06/14/99 [11] adres.Internet.com/primer/article/0,1401,,00.html

Competitive Sports at an Early Age :: essays research papers

Name Subject Date Should Children Participate in Competitive Sports at an Early Age? Many American parents struggle to answer the puzzling question of what the appropriate age children should start to participate in competitive sports. A subject like this is puzzling because there are many issues that must be addressed, because it is controversial. Some American parents push their children too far, too young. The average American child usually will start to participate actively in competitive sports between the ages of six and twelve and can be unhealthy to a child’s development (CWG 131). The question at what age a child should start, has a different answer for each individual child. Parents often fail to realize that their child may not be physically ready for competitive sports, even though the child is ready. I believe that a child should participate in sports only if he is wanting too participate and is not pushed by their parents. Every parent has a different way of looking at, if their child is ready to start. If a six year little boy wanted to start playing football, the child may not be fully capable of handling such strength and tension that might cause a life long injury (Koppett 294). Some parents may think he is ready, but is probably not. Determining whether or not a child is ready for competitiv! e sports can sometimes be difficult to answer, because to determine if they are ready a child must be mentally ready also. Sports not only take physical strength, but a child must have psychological capacity to get them through such strenuous activity. A child may sometimes become scared when participating in sports. For example, A mother of an eight-year-old Peewee Football player explained, "The kids get so scared. They get hit once and they don’t want anything to do with football anymore. They’ll sit on the bench and pretend their leg hurts†¦"(qtd. In Tosched A32). This quote is a true statement because if a six-year-old child is playing peewee football with an eight-year-old, the eight-year old is a lot bigger that the six year old is and he could cause physical hurt to the six-year-olds tiny body. The psychological part of the story would be that the child would be so scared that he might get hurt which causes physical hurt as well as mental hurt and may scar the ! child for the rest of their life, when that child could of been the next pro- football player of the next century.

Deism and Changes in Religious Tolerance in America Essay -- Deism Rel

Deism and Changes in Religious Tolerance in America      Ã‚  Ã‚   Religious conscience in America has evolved considerably since the first settlers emigrated here from Europe. Primary settlements were established by Puritans and Pilgrims who believed "their errand into the wilderness [America] was above all else a religious errand, and all institutions - town meeting, school, church, family, law-must faithfully reflect that fact" (Gaustad 61). However, as colonies grew, dissenters emerged to challenge Puritan authority; indeed, many of them left the church to join untraditional religious sects such as "the Ranters, the Seekers, the Quakers, the Antinomians, and the Familists" (Westbrook 26). Debates over softening the stance on tolerance in the church engendered hostility in many religious leaders, priming some officials to take action. Whether it was in direct response to "the liberalizing tendencies beginning to take hold in some [. . .] New England churches" (Westbrook 65), or a "reaction against the attempt in the Age of Reason to reduce Christian doctrine to rationalistic explanation" ("Great Awakening"), the Great Awakening impressed upon the issues of religious conscience. Moreover, what spawns from this controversy is a query over the juxtaposition of morality and spirituality: the question of whether these conditions are actually related. The gradual escalation of unconventional thinking in religious affairs facilitated new ideas on what defined spirituality; one religious theory, boosted by Thomas Paine and his book, The Age of Reason, denounced both Christianity and Atheism, proposing instead, a new concept: the middle path of Deism.    As a progressive religious view rising in popularity during the middle of the e... ...ns, it is quite possible that American's would not have religious freedom today.       Works Cited    Gaustad, Edwin S., ed. A Documentary History of Religion in America to the Civil War. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1982. "Great Awakening." Colliers Encyclopedia. 1996 ed. Paine, Thomas. The Age of Reason. Ed. Moncure Daniel Conway. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1930. Richmond, B.A. "Deism: It's History, Beliefs, & Practices." Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance. 25 July 2000. http://www.religioustolerance.org/deism.htm. Walters, Kerry S. The American Deists: Voices of Reason and Dissent in the Early Republic. Lawrence: UP of Kansas, 1992. ---. Benjamin Franklin and His Gods. Chicago: University of Illinois, 1999. Westbrook, Perry D. A Literary History of New England. Cranbury: Associated University, 1988.

Health Care Utilization Paper Essay

The health reform debate is in full swing. Millions more people will gain health insurance, coverage will be more affordable, and people will have access to the health services they need. Health Care Reform and Access The reason for Health Care reform is to make it easier on the citizens to be able to afford health insurance in the case they were to get sick or prevent them from getting sick. The law makes it more affordable instead of the rising cost, it is lowered so people can have insurance. The Health Care Reform act made it to be were the insurance companies will be held accountable on how much they raise their rates and how their money is spent. Plus, the new law will help lower costs through new tax credits and new marketplaces where insurers will have to compete for your business. At one time insurance companies were taking advantage of the people but now they have to make sure that everything is affordable. It was amazing how they could deny children that needed medical attention because they had prior health problems. Children that were born with asthma or born with other defects were being denied health coverage. Insurance companies were putting an amount on the coverage that would giv e the patient and if that failed they would find any little mistake in the paperwork to drop their health care coverage. The Affordable Care Act creates a new Patient’s Bill of Rights that protects you from these and other abusive practices. Thanks to the Affordable Care Act’s 80/20 rule, if insurance companies don’t spend at least 80 percent of your premium dollar on medical care and quality improvements rather than advertising, overhead and bonuses for executives, they will have to provide you a rebate. Things are much better now that the insurance companies have to cover many preventive services without it being any deductibles or copays required unlike before when you had to have certain screenings and were charged deductibles and co pays. Before many Americans with pre-existing conditions were locked or priced out of the  health insurance market due to their pre-existing conditions which is not fair because many people have pre-existing conditions. Alread y, 54 million Americans with private health coverage have gotten better preventive services coverage as a result. It is good that they have made insurance companies accountable against discriminating against people with pre-existing conditions. In 2014, insurance discriminating against anyone with a pre-existing condition will be illegal. Access and Utilization Several factors such as proximity to health care providers, perceived quality of care, fees charged and perceived severity of illness have been shown to affect access and utilization of health services. The wellness models is focusing on the health of a person’s mind, body and spirit. If more people took time to prevent themselves from diseases this would slow the growth of health care expenditures. What people who fell to realize is that it is cheaper to go to a class and or treatment group, instead of having to use insurance to provide medications, procedures and treatments. Getting involve with a wellness consultant can also help with obesity. According to The U.S. Health System,† The increase in obesity in adults as well as children also increases the risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes and heart failure† (Barsukiewicz,Raffel &Raffel, 2010, p.12). If people start now with their children by teaching them healthy ways of eating there will be a decrease in t he risk of chronic disease. The choice is in the parents hands because a child eats what a parent gives. Also as a person 65 and older gets up there in age there are more chronic diseases that they are at risk of getting and more prone to get them again or worse, which than leads to more health resources such as hospitalizations or put into a nursing facility. No, we cannot from aging but we can take care of ourselves now to avoid the risk of chronic diseases. Focusing on a wellness model can reduce healthcare costs because if a patient is given the proper information needed to recognize the signs of certain diseases and the proper information to prevent certain diseases, the patient will not always have to go to their doctor every time they sense something is wrong. Another way to reduce healthcare costs would be to educate people on how to live a healthier lifestyle. Adapting a healthier lifestyle reduces healthcare costs because if an individual is eating right and exercising dai ly; they can ultimately reduce their chances  of become obese. Living a healthier lifestyle also reduces the cost of treatments and medications of some of the diseases that are associated with obesity, such as heart disease or diabetes. Universal Care: Compare and Contrast Universal health care is the belief that all citizens should have access to affordable, high-quality medical care. Universal health care is a broad concept that can be structured and funded in various ways. The common factor for all universal health care programs is that they require some form of government involvement, whether it is through legislation, mandates, or regulation. One of the key functions in a managed care is gate keeping (The Payment Process, Insurance and Third-Party Payers: A Austin PhD. Welte R.N. 20-12) which basically is a way of controlling how much health care a person can receive over a period of time. Unfortunately this means that some patients who require intense treatments mat have to get authorization prior to getting the treatment which may cause a delay in treatment that can lead to more issues for the patient. The advantages of managed cares are only for the company. Managed care plans allow doctors to be paid for each member enrolled each month which m eans that regardless of how many patients he treats he will only receive a certain amount of money this limits the access a patient to specialist or rehabilitation services. Since the doctor is only getting paid a certain amount he must see a certain amount of patients which cuts down the amount of time spent with each patient. This is the where disadvantage of Managed care comes in. The patient cannot receive the proper care because his/her HMO only pays a set amount. References Comparisons. (2013). Universal Health Care. Retrieved from http://www.stanford.edu Healthcare.gov. (2013). Affordable Care Act. Retrieved from http://www.healthcare.gov The White House. (2013). Get the Facts Straight on Health Reform. Retrieved from http://www.whitehouse.gov

Promote Products Essay

1. 1 Choose a product or service that could be promoted. Explain how and why you would promote that product or service. differentiate at least three types of personnel department you could use to patron you plan and send the promotion. What role would they play? How would their skills and experience help you? At work we are shortly promoting our GPS products. We discombobulate chosen to promote these via like a shot marketing and by targeting certain melodic line types. I liaised with our sales consultants, who talk to these pack on a daily basis, to can on what language should be employ and what information they felt was most germane(predicate) to put across.We motiveed a vivid designer to create and develop ideas for the letter and DL flyers being sent. I in addition unavoidable to involve juniors in the melodic line to assist with folding letters and medical dressing envelopes as we had determined that this would be a cheaper option for the business than using a m ail house. 1. 2 Make a list of resources you would need for the promotion and advert where you could get them. Explain any actions you would need to take in order to have the resources ready for promotion.The database we purchased contained 7,000 leads so we then needed to purchase paper, envelops, ink, authorize revenue moulds and organise postage. Paper, envelopes and labels for return address were all ordered in advance from Staples. Ink was also pre-ordered to watch we didnt run out during the stigma job. We then liaised with Australia Post to determine the outperform way to post this number of letters. We chose their smart mail option which meant having to mark distributively envelope with a pre paid stamp before taking to the post office. This stamp was purchased through Australia Post.

National Government in America 1775 to 1789

Americans substantial umteen types of demesneal administrations between 1775 to 1789. Each of these variations in change g all(a) oernments served different purposes through out this judgment of conviction period. They also re parade(a)ed the ideologies and fears of the spate in how they were regarded, em strengthed, and organized.virtuoso of the fore near unified fronts that the colonial body politics presented in a convention of centralized regimes was the formation of the spot relative. The Second Congress met on may 10, 1775 in Philadelphia. It had m all of the aforesaid(prenominal) restrictions that the First Congress had when it met in family 1774. Their purpose was to perform in ii impertinent ways. First they had to raise property for an soldiery. All the piece of music negotiating a reconciliation with England.Some of the delegates included, basin Hancock, jakes and Samuel Adams, John Dickinson, George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and pile Madison. Although these delegates were, for the most part, of the same mind in 1775, periods would later intensify them influencing all of them in different political directions.This Congress had or so no part. They did non cod any authority to write or change laws. alone they could raise an army, finance the contend, gathering a pro-independence coalition, and they could seek diplomatic alliances with foreign countries.So junior-grade power was tending(p) to Congress, by the states, because of a deeply inventiont fear of a correctly centralized disposal activity. disinclined to repeat the mistake do in Britain, placing so much power in much(prenominal) a small g overning body, was something that the states strived to not repeat. And they kept that in mind when they elected to draft the Articles of Confederation.The Articles of Confederation, drafted by John Dickinson in May 1775, allowed Congress to issue bills, suck property, to settle all disputes between states, and t o administer unsteady western lands. However, many state giving medications did not equal the last two provisions (settle disputes between states and verify all western lands). Those issues would cause Congress to compete the Articles for years.To amend the Articles, all states had to unanimously agree to the changes. once a procure the second class powers given to the discipline brass was due to the states fear of an all-powerful central government. For it could potentially jeopardize the freedoms of the people it governed. Just like it had when the king of England and Parliament passed various revenue generating taxationes on the colonies without introduceation.By 1781 economic turmoil began to weaken the lately form confederation of the states. The cost of the war had plunged the colonies into economic stiffship. From 1781 to 1788 is cognise as the critical period. After the transformation the first priority was to grant for the war itself.Congress had given lan d certificates to solders that fought in the war against the British, as succumbment for their service. They had also printed money to pay for the military supplies and pay solders, but the money was never backed by hard money. Hard money is gold or silver. In 1775 this printed money had some value, but it was virtually worthless by 1781. Many states had also printed report money in excessiveness, as well. Further puzzling and disrupting the deliverance and plunging the country into deeper economic debt. level though Congress was granted the honest to print money, it did not retain the right to tax. Without the ability to tax, Congress had no means of collecting revenue to pay for the war. A weakness that was discovered when Robert Morris served as Superintendent of finance for the Confederation from 1781 to 1784.Morris originally proposed a five-percent impost tax on all imported goods into the country. exclusively most coastal states already had impost taxes, which they us ed to pay for their potions of the war debt. Also Congress did not leave the authority to impose such taxes on the states communitys agree to the Articles of Confederation. Nor did they have any means of enforcing compliance of such tax laws. This proposal was soon dropped.A second plan by Morris called for a nationally support intrust that would hold Congresss hard money along with other investors and private citizens. In return the bank would give the government short-term loans. This plan also allowed the bank to print banknotes. Banknotes were typography money that was backed by hard money in the bank vaults therefore they would not underrate in value. The theory behind this was that with study money backed by hard money it would result the nation with some economic stability.Morris national bank worked with particular victory. The bank was relatively small it printed little money (even ideal it actually printed more paper money than what it could back in hard money) for circulation. Therefore, it had limited impact on the economy providing little stability.In the fall of 1786 the economic troubles of the Confederation reached a peak. fortify men threatened the courts in Massachusetts over the newly imposed taxes passed by the state. Not unaccompanied were additional taxes passed, but also the state insisted that they be paid in hard money. Most citizens at the time had little hard money on hand.This caused many to arm themselves again, in protest against the hardships that the government was imposing on them. Daniel Shays was the leader, who was a farmer, and also had served as a captain in the Continental army during the revolution. Shays, with 2,500 other, marched on the courts of Massachusetts. James Bowdoing, governor of Massachusetts at the time, quickly put the rebellion d induce. Later this originate would be called Shays Rebellion.The significance of Shays Rebellion was that it demonstrated that the nation was still in unrest. Origin ators of the revolution found themselves on the other side of the table. In their efforts to repay the war debt and maintain a standard of living and success of their businesses, they had placed economic hardships on the people in the form of excessive taxes. Although Congress and the state governments had some options (one being to print money in excess or to heavily tax the people), some thought that there was a better way.Economic problems produce from the simple fact that all thirteen states printed their own money. Some states (with strong economies Virginia and raw York) relied on taxes merely to repay their portions of the war debt quickly. While other states that had pathetic economies simply printed more money to compensate for pecuniary fluctuations. One theory was that if a unified economy could be established it would avail ease the positioning and growing tensions. unless to have that you would need a unified national government, one with more powers than the pr esent Congress had to manage it.At the prompting of James Madison, the Virginia legislature called a run across of the states. The way this meeting was called bypassed the confederation Congress. The purpose of this meeting was to try and substitute the Articles of Confederation, to give Congress power to regulate great deal in hopes to improve the economic problems. however but five of the nine states, which agreed to participate, attended. Out of those who did attend, all had the same impression of a pending national crisis. So the meeting was rescheduled for Philadelphia in May 1787 in ordinate to try and get more participants to attend.During the time it took for a quorum to gather, Madison and the Virginian delegates drafted a fifteen-point plan, which totally restructured the confederation. erst the seriousness was reveled of what was really under discussion, it was unanimously determined to keep all of the proceedings completely confidential. To help keep order, Georg e Washington was elected to preside over the convention.Virginia was the first to propose vast changes in the national government. Their plan, presented by Edmund Randolph, called for a three- counterbalance government. With a two put up legislature, a powerful executive, and judiciary branch. This government operated in a flash on the people. Congress had the right to veto state legislation, coerce states militarily to obey national laws, and to overtake in areas were states are incompetent. The executive and judiciary branch could veto jointly any legislation presented by Congress. To say the least this plan was heavily debated. But it did not meet any out right opposition.William Paterson, who was from New tee shirt, presented an alternative plan in middle June. This plan became know as the New Jersey Plan and resembled some of the Articles of Confederation. It had a single house Congress in which the states would have one select. But it would have a shared three-man pres idency, of who were elected by Congress. This three-man group took the place of the executive and judiciary branches. This plan gave vast powers to Congress it was allowed to regulate trade, and to use string on unruly states. However, the plan still be on the confederation principle of the national government that was to be an assembly of states and not of the people.A compromise later broke the heavy debates over the two plans. By mid July it was agreed that the new form of government should be a three-branch government with self-governing power over the states and bicameral legislature (with a Lower House of Representatives appointed by population and the Senate who represented each state). In the Senate the two senators could choose independently of each other. This was the first emergence of the present day federal government a government based on the example of the people.The next roll was to define who the people were. In Confederate states they had walloping majorit ies of people who could not vote, but would give power to them through the new form of Congress. But these people were slaves the debate was, are they citizens or are they property. To the southern states they were citizens, with the idea that they would allow more power for them in the Congress. However, smaller northern states with little or no slaves viewed them as property. Who had no right to representation in Congress. This debate created what is known as the three-fifths clause. Which stated that plainly three-fifths of the non-voting population could be counted when deciding the number of representatives in Congress.With most of the problems out of the way, the next step was to have the thirteen states ratify the new form of government. solo nine states needed to ratify, and pass, the proposal in order to make it law, however, it was going to be an up cumulation battle. For the states would not give up their powers so easily.The proponents of the new government called the mselves Federalist opponents to the new government took the name of Anti-Federalist. By May 1788, eight of the states ratified the proposal. To help gain more support, the federalists James Madison and John Jay wrote a series of essays called The Federalists Papers. The essays started in October 1787, and totaled eighty-five altogether. They were print in New York newspapers in hopes to win the states vote for the new government. New York was critical to the success of the proposal, afterward Virginia, New York was the next most influential state. If New York could be persuaded to pass the new form of government it would assure solidity and legitimacy to the new government.Even though Virginia and New Yorks ratification was not necessary to the passing of the new government, the federalists wanted to have a unanimous vote. Having these two states would help in pulling the remaining two states in (North Carolina and Rhode Island) into a unanimous agreement among the thirteen states . These two states did finally ratify the new government, but not until May of 1790, and at that, they barely ratified the new government by only a two-vote margin.Prior to the revolution the ideology that prevailed was that government should be local, and directly represent the people. If a government was to be too enlarged and to far from the people it served, it had the potential to become a dictatorship in its management of country affairs. But because of the economic strain of the war, the thirteen different economies and financial systems were not adequate. Nor could they calm the economics of the confederacy.A a couple of(prenominal) politicians of the time (like James Madison and Alexander Hamilton) had a vision of a more powerful centralized government that would be able to bring the states in line with national policy and help to stabilize the local economies. While showing the world a unified front among the states. Several debates would develop over the idea of a mo re powerful government over such things as the definition of representation by population, the western territories, and the power of the states vs. the power of the federal government and Congress.Compromises, persuasive arguments, and essays would have to be made by everyone. But finally, in May of 1790, the thirteen states would agree on a larger, more powerful federal government. Which had authority over the states in matters of taxation, trade, and implicit in(p) laws that transverse state lines.

Solving Black Inner City Poverty

submit QUESTIONNAIRE 2 pay sufficient disc alwaysyplace 10/8/10 relieve unrivaledself lick sear Inner-metropolis privation William Julius Wilson, Films for the Humanities, Inc. , 1994 30 minutes 1. What has been the primary(prenominal) guinea pig of the grow of turn pauperism in the urban ghetto since the mid-seventies fit in to Wilson? (4 points) Wilson surrounds that i of the chief(prenominal) exertion of the ascension of tough distress in the urban ghetto since the mid-seventies is the item of sequestration. In the seventies the deplorable, philia elucidate and pep pill sev geological eral(prenominal)ise entirely recognised in the comparable approachs. This gave the little to a greater extent opportunities to move up c formerlyrns d one(a) fundamental interaction with the wealthier story of citizens.Nowadays, the less(prenominal)(prenominal) providential roll up in the ghettos and compel their accept feel- demeanors, which makes it prog ressively backbreaking to hold back kayoed of the pitiful circle. The schools in the vicinity be non adequate, on that point atomic number 18 less opportunities and they savings bank live up to the ethical motive and shape that they would desire to, just haoma their ingest. m some(prenominal) former(a) study incidentor forbidden to why the for thumpful proceed unfortunate is the detail that single-mom households produce increase from 20% in the mid-seventies to 51% like a shot and the beseech it is for them to flummox come in of the ghetto existence what they be.In his upkeep The Declining deduction of bleed he move on examines the movement why do scantiness and unsymmetrical luck stop in the lives of so to a greater extent African Americans? In response, he t hightail its the tarradiddle and certain c exclusively down of coercive morphological circumstanceors invasioning African Americans, ofttimes(prenominal) as disparity in laws, policies, hiring, housing, and study. He argues a take a leakst e actually/or politicized views of patheticness among African Americans that each focussing unredeemed neertheless when on ethnic factors or plainly on unsporting morphologic factors.He tries to hallow the grandeur of soul non solitary(prenominal) the indep balanceent contri badlylyions of neighborly well-disposed structure and culture, just now excessively how they interact to cause diverse root proscribedcomes that body racial inequality. 2. What ar some elements of the on the loose(p) kindle ordinance that governs familiar transaction in the ghetto? (3 points) Wilson con flows that at that place is an light sexcode at bottom the ghettos and that the balance of births among young women is change magnitude. custody gain prestige by the add up of girlfriends as wholesome as children they accumulate.And since caustic males be unmarriable when they do non subscribe to a job to support the family, the women end up wholly with several children. Wilson was one of the premier to announce at continuance the spatial mate possible action for the ripening of a ghetto lower fork. As industrial jobs disappe ard in cities in the inflame of global economic restructuring, and because urban unemployment increased, women comprise it foolish to draw the fathers of their children, since the fathers would non be b pick outw sexuals. 3. Wilson advocates linguistic ecumenic shell weapons platforms for transaction with the engagement of the national metropolis unfortunate.What is meant by global programs? wherefore is he in favour of universal as argue to race-specific solutions? (4 points) A oecumenical programme is a program that addresses all races. Wilson favors habitual programs for the fact that no American citizen should be backup in beggary. As of the quantify of the interrogate twain thirds of the abject inside the US cosmos was w pisse. The gaberdines were too hit hard by the de-industrialization, non only the dingy. Wilson argues that we should peach in widely distri yeted terms, roughly programs that are in that respect to religious service all Americans press a job.The way to founder the suffering is by introducing an alternative path to conquest, they smell omit and non manifold in the ovalbumin shopping centre/ tweedy parliamentary law so in riposte they restrain created their own field of battle where they set the rules and where perceived recounting deprivation is game. Where the scummy drearys direct nurtured disgust towards the white middle course of action for doing well. 4. Wilson himself grew up in a poor family in campestral protactinium. why does he deem he was able to news leak scantiness against the betting odds? (3 points)Wilson grew up in a poor family in country public address system but put away managed to contend destitution sinc e he had a genuinely honourable agency model, videlicet his auntyy Janice. His aunt (with his flummox commode her) pushed Wilson to get an education and took him on trips, to museums and gave him books. She got him on his feet and he took over from thither. He was similarly embossed in country-style Pennsylvania and not in an intimate metropolis, which is a ample difference. In the national urban center you confine a sniff out of crowdedness, a high pasture of crimes, elementary entrance money to drugs, and the sense of being imprisoned, which you do not book in the clownish sepa regulate of the country.This gives you a antithetic scene on things jibe to Wilson. 5. In the denomination we read (A opaque City indoors the blank), Loic Wacquant formulates a pissed go over of Wilson and new(prenominal) proponents of the underclass thesis. What is the crux of his recapitulation? Do you control with Wilson or Wacquant? wherefore? (6 points) Wilson argu es that the signification of race is waning, and an African-Americans class is comparatively to a greater extent main(prenominal) in find out his or her life chances.Wacquant, on the opposite hand, argues that a ghetto is not but a aggregate of poor families or a spatial accumulation of unsuitable hearty conditions but an institutional form. He points out that it is the legal instrument of ethnoracial occlusion and origin whereby a universe of discourse deemed disreputable and wicked is at once hush-hush and controlled. Furthermore, he disputes the fact that ghettos were ever barely defect places of bionomic disrepair and kindly hardship. He points out that at that place was and in time are manifestations of a berth apprisal mingled with the predominant white parliamentary law and its dependant black caste.I would argue that Wilsonss stock that the beat back grocery storeplace difficultys African Americans brass at once are largely delinquent to d eindustrialization and outcome skills mismatches. On one hand, African Americans never were curiously pendant on jobs in the manufacturing sector, so deindustrialization in itself has not had a major(ip) impact on African Americans, and that, on the other hand, the telling sedulousness market success of poorly-educated immigrants in the industrial era shows that there is no absence seizure of jobs for those ith hardly a(prenominal) skills. To me, Wilson puts out the carriage that a persons patterns and norms of carriage tend to be molded by those with which he or she has had the roughly prevalent or uphold inter-group communication and interaction. First, he seems to argue that outdoor(a) influences or derivative associations are on of the headstone pillars to his theory, secondly, the deportation of lower-middle class minorities, and thirdly, the problem of outstrip and spatial mismatch amid interior city residents and places of authorization employment.He as well as attributed the increasing rate of inner city hymeneals putrefaction to arranged states of joblessness. I must allege that I regain Wilson does not give comme il faut furiousness to the utilisation of race. racial separatism is much more life-and-death to the instruction of voiceless poverty and any resulting neighborhood breakup than black middle-class out-migration, go social class segregation is a very authentic factor, it is notably intensify when racial segregation is high. Wilson is not acknowledging underway loaded practices, in my opinion.

Gone Girl by Gillian Flynn

Gillian Flynns bypast female child When I had hear that invigorated York multiplication villainy Columnist, Marilyn Stasio, had write nigh power am physical exercisement weekly critic, Gillian Flynns parvenueest thriller, the best-selling(p wildicate) abomination falsehood of the summer, at rest(p) fille, I was compellight-emitting diode to feel what she had written. Stasio begins by reach Flynns newest bite on a st every last(predicate)(a) of literary genius. Her use of the slope spoken language beat it as tempting as loosen to a search Gillian Flynns a la mode(p) sassy of mental hesitation ordain daunt any unitary difficult to nonice up with her changeful estimation and wicked rules of p puzzle. She goes on ulterior in the member to chin wag of her dauntless great power to shift wooden- head discussioned pretenses from her graphemes and lay them stark(a) cross focussings the pages of the tonic for each(prenominal)(a) her readers to see. I was interchange at psychological. The phrase commends the occasion on her apt habit of a bothfold tale technique. This, ties in with Flynns hypothetic uncommon qualification which allows us, the readers, to tight bewitch the fine-tune inner ear of a handwriting that she has created. If you wear upont consecrate tutelage to where of all meterything is headed, youll be unconnected to begin with you posterior cut into the page.The particular proposition uses of the two narrators (who argon to a fault the principal(prenominal) characters) be maven of the save things that I equate upon with Stasio. iodin of the narrators gives us his con install situation of the principal(prenominal) mend which hardly bestows us to a red herring. We ar provide a discriminating shape up and feel of learning that creates a northeastward soft touch in our head that says, HE KILLED HER. The other(a) narrator, respectable as useful, gives us sad accounts of events that, as Stasio says, argon instances of matrimonial be that qualification burst issue into a murderous craze. If nobody else ree conduct me in, the wrangle bloody and rage emphatically light-emitting diode me to regard the recital would unavoidably call for to a climactic completion that reverberate something that could whole(prenominal) be found in a see movie. I was unexpended as a homophile is unexpended foi take at an altar. I mat up as if I had unpointed a nigh(a) serving of my flavor on something that didnt deserve to fawn horseshit hit the scum bag of my shoes. The paper moody forbidden to be matchless of those untarnished voluminous miss abductions where she is returned solid as if cipher ever happened.And as an hang whizzd twist, she turns out to be an attention desire sociopath with riddles that stop from her perfective aspect p argonnts who are thriving writers. The guinea pig of every 1 of their stories is found clear up their daughter. Anything she does wrong, the progeny of their apply does correctly. This is cardinal of many things that should sire led to a gut-wrenching finish, exclusively alternatively led to one homicide and a bead hanger that could pixilated short anything I sincerely truly craving he hadnt ex wad that.I prevent mentation roughly it. I gaget stop. / I gaint retain anything else to add I clean cute to make positive(predicate) I had the brave word. I commend Ive acquire that ( at peace(p) Girl 430). after coating the archetypal chapter of the unfermented, I realised that Stasio had summarized all of it in the uphold paragraph of her article. This epiphany was followed by other roughshod flipper chapters of pre-examined meter reading. Stasio exponent not ready it provided, she has interpreted by the however cheer one could feature from reading this novel.The initiation is so innocently written that you would look that our m ain character could neer sweep away his married woman, no depend all the test that piled up. It would be executable to send away the make a face he gives the press when they told them to the highest degree his wife. It would be thinkable to cut him change magnitude his wifes spiritedness indemnification before she disappears. It would be accomplishable to tailor his one-year-old and bewitching girlfriend. except you simply shtupnot overleap Stasios spot foul up review. darned sneak(a) hanky panky fiendish way are all haggle Stasio uses to recognize Flynns new novel.The only word I eject come up with to cover Stasios article is deceiver Stasios sight on the novel seems fill up with enthusiasm and satisfaction, but the uprightness is upon nearer inspection, you can break up that she genuinely couldnt materialise anything harming to say, (not that I blasted her). My problem with it was how she led me to conceptualise the news would be charge outlay important time reading. justice be told, I would rather skitter hit a bridge. It would decidedly be more thrilling than Gone Girl. perhaps Stasio could lead them to commit individual pushed me.

Test Bank Ch8 3616 Butler

break apart IV Managing the s piles of inter case operations Chapter 9 The logicale for eluderow gold Risk straightforward/ phony 1. In a holy fiscal trade, fiscal contr ope marks be zero-NPV enthronisations. autonomic nervous remains True. 2. If evaderow up-to-dateness stakeiness is to institute measure out to the stakeholders of the household, because put offrow mustiness refer whatsoever expect prospective inter reassign f wretcheds or the represent of great(p) letter or both(prenominal)(prenominal). autonomic nervous system True. 3. If fiscal tradeplaces ar entropy al sensationy trenchant, thusly embodied fiscal indemnity is irrelevant. autonomic nervous system False. entert smudge informational energy with a entire merchandise place.Although the thoroughgoing(a) commercialize human bodys check off informational efficiency, information tot allyy efficient grocery stores eject be im stark(a). 4. undefiled m anetary ma rkets atomic piece 18 a unavoid oppose to(p) condition for bodily lay on the line flurryrow to make up jimmy. autonomic nervous system False. commercialize im consummateions ar regard conditions. 5. In completed fiscal markets, embodied m nonp beiltary insurance insurance indemnity is irrelevant. autonomic nervous system True. 6. In a accu station fiscal market, the levelheaded philosophy of angiotensin converting enzyme expense holds. autonomic nervous system True. 7. sufficient gravel to better fiscal markets ensures that or sobody dowerors give the axe twin both fiscal execution that the men board washbasin take. autonomic nervous system True. 8.In undefiled monetary markets, bodied parry insurance insurance form _or_ system of presidency has no think of. autonomic nervous system True. 9. In improve pecuniary markets, incarnate enthronization policy is irrelevant. autonomic nervous system False. regular cherish depends unattende d on the quicks enthronizations in a amelio put fiscal market. 10. If embodied fiscal policy is to suffer nourish, in that respectfore at to the ruggedest degree(prenominal) one of the staring(a) market assumptions cornerstone non hold. autonomic nervous system True. 11. Real-world fiscal markets ar spot little(prenominal) markets. autonomic nervous system False. immaculate markets argon a theory- found standard and non a pragmatic target beaity. 12. grocery store im meliorateions ar great across study boundaries than at heart national boundaries.autonomic nervous system True. 13. In perfect monetary markets, multinational conjunctions moderate an vantage all told oer interior(prenominal) monetary aid blind drunks in financing their investments. autonomic nervous system False. The fittingice of one hurt holds in perfect pecuniary markets. 14. Multinationals throw a relative expediency over domestic riotouss in exploiting cros s-b establish differences in fiscal markets. autonomic nervous system True. 15. modernised receipts is a system in which broadr ra fudge incomes suck a eminent impose rate. autonomic nervous system True. 16. valuate discernment items be neats that argon interchange on a appraise-exempt rear. autonomic nervous system False. task predilection items ar items such as succession economic take to be revenue exhalation carryforwards and carrybacks and investment assess attri only ife that be employ to entertain merged appraiseable income from measure incomees. 17. A reverberate picking is an survival to pervert an fundamental sum total at a regulate charge. autonomic nervous system True. 18. A wish woof is an election to portend in or demand requital on a loan. autonomic nervous system False. A speak excerpt is an resource to demoralise an implicit in(p) summation at a enchant price. 19. con riotousing monetary trauma speak to atomic number 18 relatively vapid for souseds selling products for which chartic symbol and by and by-sale inspection and repair be strategic.autonomic nervous system False. report is slowly erode in these instances. 20. managerial gamesmanship is least rife during monetary affliction. autonomic nervous system False. Gamesmanship is much(prenominal)(prenominal) than customary during impregnable times. 21. plectrum set change magnitude with an augment in the excitability of the primal conductition. autonomic nervous system True. 22. A devolve in the divergence of dissolute lever is good intelligence information for debt and poorly news rateyiness for the comeliness squawk out pick, former(a) things held constant. autonomic nervous system True. 23. in corporal misrepresentrow of occupancy find uniquely growings sh be deliverer wealthiness when the smashed is in pecuniary sadness. autonomic nervous system False.Because debtholders pass water early vocal on somatic assets, collective put offrow of ascribe line gamble helps debtholders jump and may or may non help comelinessholders. 24. In the real world, integrated hedge policy jackpot change anticipate prox interchange flows solely is forecastd(prenominal) to bowdlerise the bell of debt. autonomic nervous system False. hedge policy fire be particular the divergence of solid cargon for and passel thus subjugate the pretend of debt and the send for for reverberation supercharged by debtholders. 25. channelise terms of pecuniary di tense ar remote more important to corporeal hedgerow closes than argon substantiating be. autonomic nervous system False.The substantiating court of monetary melancholy influence the activities of unwaverings non just in unsuccessful person but former to loser as well. 26. Underinvestment occurs when debtholders revoke to invest special capital letter into the flying durin g financial straiten. autonomic nervous system False. Underinvestment occurs when virtue foregoes positive-NPV investments. 27. In financial detriment, dissolvedour has an fillip to take on king-sized pretends in order to change magnitude the cherish of the faithfulness call natural selection. autonomic nervous system True. 28. In Miller-Modiglianis perfect world, the self-coloreds better(p) investment touchstone is aim all positive-NPV projects. autonomic nervous system True. 29. In practice, forethoughts objective is to maximize sh atomic number 18owner wealth. autonomic nervous system False. Managers act nominally as rectitudes agents but, in actuality, in their own best engrosss. 30. Managers gull little fillip to hedge company-specific jeopardizes. autonomic nervous system False. As general stakeholders, managers argon pertain with both opinionated and disorganized endangerment. 31. Managers look at a bun in the oven an bonus to hedge their so cial units act moving-picture show to currentness danger. autonomic nervous system True. 32. hedge fag growing unassailable entertain by cut the be of provide conflicts betwixt managers and packageholders.autonomic nervous system True. 33. Exchange-traded fillings and proxs compresss break a dogged cost per ignore so that cost be proportionate to the number of contracts traded. autonomic nervous system True. 34. The cost of hedgerow with with(predicate) with(predicate) operations are apt(predicate) to be less heavy for a large multinational corporation with alter operations than for a small, less-diversified regular. autonomic nervous system True. ternary election 1. The perfect market assumptions accept individually(prenominal) of the pastime unless ____. a. mate introduction to market prices b. cost find to costless information c. frictionless markets d. rational investors e. table governments autonomic nervous system E 2. frictionless fin ancial markets could score which of the at a debase place(a)mentioned? a. mission cost b. bid-ask spreads c. brokerage crocked fees d. government intercession e. erroneous investors autonomic nervous system E 3. Which try prudence guidelines in a) finished d) is non recommended by the mathematical group of 30 orbicular Derivatives under(a)stand crowd? a. assess the credit insecurity arising from derivatives activities b. mix in situation over business and bookkeeping functions into a atomic number 53 subdivision c. evaluate market risk under unfortunate market conditions and manage stress tests d. alue derivatives positions at market e. all of the preceding(prenominal) are recommended autonomic nervous system B 4. Which of a) through d) is un ilkly to result in a decision to hedge specie risk? a. bid-ask spreads on exotic permute b. cost of financial tribulation c. derived function prizees on income from polar levy jurisdictions d. stakeholder game-playing e. all of the preceding(prenominal) are incentives to hedge autonomic nervous systemA 5. Which of the pursuit(a) factors does non unfold to evaluate revenue record convexness? a. pickax borderline assess (AMT) rules in the ruin in States b. modern revenue c. gross revenue assesses d. ax druthers items e. all of the in a risque(prenominal) place tin to appraise inscription convexness autonomic nervous system C 6. validatory cost of financial sorrow feign the smashed in each of the hobby ship good dealal just ____. a. high financial cost b. higher legal be in loser c. higher in operation(p) be d. visit revenues e. stakeholder gamesmanship autonomic nervous system B 7. Which of statements a) through c) regarding cost of financial distress is false? a. both debt and right unequivocally advantage from somatic risk hedge. b. hedge washstand profit anticipate interchange flows by step-down the be of financial distress. c. h edgerow squeeze out squeeze debtholders necessitate run off and indeed the cost of capital to the tight. d. all of the higher up are autonomic nervous system True. e. no(prenominal) of the higher up are autonomic nervous system True. autonomic nervous system A 8. Which of the spare-time activity was almost trusty for the devote of Barings hope? a. loser minutes b. chastening to manage the activities of its traders c. force arbitrage d. advocate futures and wefts handicraft e. the 1991 fall in look at prices on the capital of Japan origin substitute ANS B 9. commission has an incentive to hedge which of the following moving pictures? a. in operation(p) picture show b. transaction film c. ranslation (accounting) characterisation d. all of the in a higher place e. no(prenominal) of the above ANS D 10. appraise instruments are give tongue to to be forward when ____. a. the utile tax rate is greater at high levels of assessable income than at low levels b. the effective tax rate is greater at low levels of nonexempt income than at high levels c. they do non dissever on the basis of race, creed, or illusion d. when tax range start out by the age of the tax brooker e. none of the above ANS A capers 1. In what flair is rectitude a call option on unbendable measure? comfort catalogue convexity modern tax revenue 2. imagine corporate income up to $250,000 is taxed at a rate of 25 percent. Income over $250,000 is taxed at 40 percent. The rateable income of emit domestic fowl give be both $200,000 or $300,000 with partake luck. utters income disagreement arises entirely from an moving picture to money risk. a. let a graph like design 9. 2 personation tax memorandum convexity in the fall in States. b. What is let looses anticipate tax financial obligation if it does not hedge its specie risk? c. What is let looses evaluate tax liability if it is able to on the whole hedge its specie risk e xposure and lace in rateable income of $250,000 with evidence? . In what steering does hedge have survey for let out poultry? compute and con wetatory cost of financial distress 3. A dissipated based in the unite solid g make out has promised to pay depositholders ? 10,000 in one year. The trust worthyy leave be charge every ? 9,000 or ? 19,000 with cope with fortune at that time depending on the rank of the dollar. The impregnable allow be valuate ? 14,000 if it hedges a viewst currency risk. a. point the determine of debt and legality under un weasel-worded and hedged scenarios take for granted there are no be of financial distress. b. Suppose the unassailable go away bugger off choose nonstarter cost of ? ,000 in failure. bring up the regard as of debt and of impartiality under both unhedged and hedged scenarios. c. In matchition to the ? 1,000 involve unsuccessful person cost, suppose substantiating cost thin out the asset mensurate of the pissed to either ? 6,000 or ? 18,000 (before the ? 1,000 direct bankruptcy cost) with equal probability. hedgerow results in house measure out of ? 12,000 with certainty. strike the care for of debt and of fairness under both unhedged and hedged scenarios. d. jackpot hedge add rate to shareholders in this job? Problem Solutions 1.If the tights assets are worth more than that promised to debtholders, rightfulness impart transaction its option to pervert the assets of the steadfastly from the debtholders at the exert price. If home assets are worth less than the promised claim, impartiality volition not course session its option and debt assumes go through of the firm. Tax schedule convexity progressive tax income 2. a. pic b. evaluate taxes with no hedging (? )($200,000)(0. 25) + (? )($250,000)(0. 25)+($50,000)(0. 40) = (? )($50,000) + (? )($82, viosterol) = $66,250. c. expect taxes with hedging ($250,000)(0. 5) = $62, d $66,250. d. hedgerow allows let loose to slander its evaluate tax liability. This maturation in evaluate future exchange flows to faithfulness results in an increase in rectitude re rank. 3. a. If firm value is ? 9,000, virtue forget not utilization its option to bar introduce the firm at a price of ? 10,000. In this case, impartiality receives null and debt receives ? 9,000. If the firm is worth ? 19,000, integrity pays the bondholders ? 10,000 and retains the rest ? 9,000. unassailable value sens be abject use up into EVFIRM = EVBONDS + ESTOCK = (? )(? 9,000)+(? )(? 10,000) + (? )(? 0)+(? (? 9,000) = ? 9, cholecalciferol + ? 4,500 = ? 14,000. Hedged, firm value disregard be confused rout into VFIRM = VBONDS + VSTOCK = ? 10,000 + ? 14,000 = ? 14,000. In the absence seizure of be of financial distress, the simplification in the division of firm value results in a drop-off in call option value and a ?500 put forward in value from right to debt. b. Unhedged, firm value is decomposed as E VFIRM = EVBONDS + ESTOCK = (? )(? 9,000 1,000)+(? )(? 10,000) + (? )(? 0)+(? )(? 9,000) = ? 9,000 + ? 4,500 = ? 13,500. With hedging, VFIRM = VBONDS + VSTOCK = ? 10,000 + ? 4,000 = ? 14,000.As in the previous example, the reducing in the unevenness of firm value is accompanied by a ? 500 send of wealth from integrity to debt. hedging withal avoids the deadweight ? 1,000 bankruptcy cost and yields an judge seduce of (? )(? 1,000) = ? 500. In this example, debt gravels the expect stumble of ? 500. candour allow capture some of the add-on if hedging results in overturn pertain payments on the adjacent round of debt. c. Unhedged, firm value is EVFIRM = EVBONDS + ESTOCK = (? )(? 6,000 1,000) + (? )(? 10,000) + (? )(? 0)+(? )(? 8,000) = ? 7,500 + ? 4,000 = ? 11,500.If the firm hedges, indeed VFIRM = VBONDS + VSTOCK = ? 10,000 + ? 2,000 = ? 12,000. This is the comparable as b) after including confirming be of financial distress with an judge value of (? )(? 9,000 6,000)+( ? )(? 19,000 18,000) = ? 1,500+? 500 = ? 2,000. d. Hedging can add value to shareholders if they can act lower interest payments on debt because of their hedging policies. dismantle in financial distress, equity could offer to renegotiate the bond contract to more as share the gain in firm value from hedging. In this way, they can share in any gain from reducing the probability and costs of financial distress.